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Ruby

Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red.

What is The Meaning Behind Ruby?

Since ancient times, rubies have symbolized passion, protection, and wealth. Many cultures have strong ties to it being a symbol of love and commitment, making it a great gemstone for a wedding ring. In modern times, ruby is the birthstone for July

Types of Ruby and Their Unique Shades

Rubies are red precious gemstones formed from corundum, a crystallized form of aluminum oxide. Ruby is known for its high rarity and value, its substantial mineral hardness of 9 out of 10 on the Mohs scale, and for being the birthstone for July. A ruby gets its redness from trace elements of chromium, which absorb light wavelengths of all colors except red. Corundum gems of any other color are known as sapphires. While there are many colors and types of sapphires, rubies come in fewer varieties because they must, by definition, be red. Saying that, rubies can display varying hues and tones of red depending on their place of origin, as well as other distinctive attributes. We’ve compiled a list of the nine most notable types of rubies, with information about their history, characteristics, and value.
* Burmese Rubies: Burmese rubies, considered the best rubies in the world, come from Myanmar, also known as Burma. The rarest and finest gemstones are characterized by their soft, velvety luster and vivid, pigeon blood red color. In the ruby trade, the term “pigeon blood” refers to a specific type of red, a pure and intense hue with a hint of blue or purple. Though most Burmese rubies aren’t pigeon blood rubies, most pigeon blood rubies are Burmese rubies. The Mogok Valley region is especially famed for yielding exquisite rubies, including the 25.59 carat weight Sunrise Ruby. This stunning gem, deemed “a unique treasure of nature” by the Swiss Gemological Institute, sold for $32.42 million at auction in 2015. Myanmar’s smaller rubies are thankfully more affordable, though they still command a premium compared to other rubies available in the consumer market. Fine quality rubies from Burma can sell for more than white diamonds of the same carat weight.
* Thai Rubies: Thai rubies originate predominantly in Thailand, especially from the Chanthaburi-Trat mining district in the country’s southeast. Some stones marketed as Thai ruby are actually from the Pailin area, located across the border in neighboring Cambodia. High iron content is a typical Thai ruby characteristic. The iron traces produce a darkening effect, which is why Thailand’s rubies are often a darker, more garnet-like red than the brighter, more intense red associated with rubies from Myanmar. Some gems have purplish or brownish overtones. A Thai ruby generally has greater clarity and less fluorescence than a Burmese ruby, which is also due to higher iron content. This means that a Thai ruby is less likely to exhibit the warm, velvety glow displayed by many Burma rubies. While Thailand’s ruby mines have been largely exhausted, you can still find Thai ruby stones in circulation, and the country remains a major center for the cutting, polishing, and trading of rubies imported from other locations.
* DMozambique Rubies: Since their discovery in 2008, Mozambique rubies have surged in prominence. Now with multiple mines operating over the ruby-rich deposits in the country’s northeast, Mozambique has become a major supplier of ruby to the international market. Mozambique yields quality as well as quantity. Its top grade material approaches the fineness of traditional sources like Myanmar. Mozambique rubies range from orangy-red to purplish-red to red, with some exhibiting the coveted pigeon blood coloring. Some Mozambique rubies have prominent internal fractures, requiring treatment to close these fractures before sale. However, regardless of origin, most rubies are treated in some way to improve their color and/or clarity. Untreated stones fetch significantly higher prices. One such untreated Mozambique ruby is the world’s most expensive ruby, and also its most expensive non-diamond gemstone. The magnificent Estrela de Fura, a 55.22 carat ruby of vivid pigeon blood color, sold at auction in 2023 for $34.8 million.
* Madagascar Rubies: Madagascar rubies were first discovered in the 1990s, with additional deposits being unearthed in the 2000s and 2010s. Madagascar now supports several prominent mining regions, mostly concentrated in the north-central part of the country. The island of Madagascar broke away from Africa some 160 million years ago, now lying directly off the coast of Mozambique. As a result of this geological closeness, rubies from the two countries often show similar characteristics. For instance, Madagascar ruby runs a similar color spectrum to Mozambique: pinkish-red to orangy-red to red. Pigeon blood and deep red stones can be found, with some exhibiting strong fluorescence that gives them an enchanting glow under sunlight. More distinctive to Madagascar’s rubies are mineral inclusions like monazite crystals and rounded zircons. These features are not common in stones from Mozambique, making it easier for gemologists and gem cutters to differentiate between these two varieties of African rubies.
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